By: Madeline Ellis
Complimentary Medicine (CM) is generally thought of as treatments used in addition to the conventional therapies your traditional health care provider may prescribe, such as using yoga in conjunction with prescription medicine for anxiety or taking an omega-3 fatty acid supplement in addition to statins to reduce your cholesterol. A growing number of Americans use CM for a wide array of conditions including back, neck or joint aches as well as colds, depression and sleeping problems. And, according to a new study, complimentary methods are also very common among cancer survivors. "Many complementary methods are extremely popular among cancer survivors, who are spending a lot of their time, money, and attention on them," said Ted Gansler, M.D., co-author of the study and Director of Medical Content at the American Cancer Society (ACS). "For this reason, it's important to determine which are helpful, not only for shrinking tumors and extending survival, but also for relieving symptoms and improving quality-of-life."
For the study, published in the September 1 issue of Cancer, Gansler's team analyzed data from 4,139 survivors of more than 10 different cancers who participated in the ACS Study of Cancer Survivors-I. The survivors were interviewed 10 to 24 months after diagnosis and were asked about their use of 19 different complimentary methods. Findings revealed more than half used some type of complimentary therapy, with prayer/spiritual practice topping the list at 61.4 percent. Other CM's used most frequently were relaxation (44.3%), faith/spiritual healing (42.4%), nutritional supplements/vitamins (40.1%), meditation (15%), religious counseling (11.3%), massage (11.2%), and support groups (9.7%). Among the least cited were hypnosis (0.4%), biofeedback (1%) and acupuncture/acupressure (1.2%). "Our study found that several CM types are used by nearly half of cancer survivors," Dr. Gansler said. "Surprisingly, other methods such as acupuncture and hypnosis were used by fewer than 2 percent of cancer survivors, even though recent studies found them to be useful in relieving some cancer-related symptoms, such as pain."
Dr. Gansler said the type of CM used "is significantly influenced by gender, race, age, education, cancer type, and how far the cancer had spread." For instance, the younger, more affluent and more educated members of the group were more likely to use the therapies. Women were more likely than men to use energy techniques such as Yoga and Tai Chi (10.1 vs. 1.9 percent) and manipulative practices such as massage (16.9 vs. 3.9 percent). The difference between genders was less apparent for non-spiritual mind-body methods such as hypnosis, meditation and aromatherapy (58.6 vs. 42.8 percent respectively).
Cancer type was also a significant predictor of CM use. Breast and ovarian cancer survivors were more likely to use CM, whereas melanoma and kidney cancer survivors were least likely to use them. The study authors say more research is needed to delve into the reasons why certain groups are more or less likely to embrace complimentary methods as well as what benefits are expected and how effective various CM's are in improving the length and quality of life for survivors.
The ACS study is one of the largest and most detailed to investigate CM use among cancer survivors. Previous studies have relied on limited data, focusing on patients in active treatment, small sample sizes and single or few cancer types. "The very large number of randomly chosen volunteers in the ACS Studies of Cancer Survivors and the availability of personal, medical, and psychological information provided an opportunity to study this topic in very precise detail and in some new ways," Dr. Gansler told Reuters Health. "These findings may be used by clinicians and researchers to inform their decisions regarding which (forms of CM) to address and research," he concluded
source:www.healthnews.com
Senin, 11 Agustus 2008
ConsumerLab Finds Fifty Fish Oil Supplements Free of Contaminants
By: Jennifer Newell
The popularity of fish oil supplements has been growing exponentially over the past several decades. As more studies tout the benefits of the supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids for heart health, as well as arthritis and depression, there are more of the products on the market than the average consumer can or is willing to analyze. Enter ConsumerLab.com and its new report on fifty fish oil supplements and fortified foods.
The Nutrition Business Journal reported that dietary supplements containing omega-3's sold to the total of approximately $35 million in 1995. Ten years later, the 2005 sales number was at $359 million, and the number had increased to $489 million in 2006. If the trend dictates, the number in 2008 will likely be well over the $500 million mark. For such a booming business, it is only appropriate that consumers and medical professionals alike have a comprehensive study that examines the supplements and foods associated with omega-3 and looks at amounts of EPA and DHA (two principal polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish), product purity, and freshness.
ConsumerLab.com has done just that. The private company is based in New York and is known for being a leading provider of consumer information and independent evaluations of health and nutrition products. In this case, researchers compared a total of 50 products, including dietary supplements, food and beverages, 23 of which were selected by ConsumerLab.com and 27 of which were included at the request of their manufacturers through the Voluntary Certification Program. Some products were several of the most popular on the market, such as Vitamin Shoppe, Yoplait, Nature Made, and Nature's Bounty, and others were store brands like Origin from Target and Spring Valley from Wal-Mart.
The results of the study were multi-fold. Most importantly, all of the products tested were found to have safe levels of mercury, lead, and PCB's (a type of carcinogen). In addition, all were found to have the amounts of EPA and DHA that their labels maintained, though those levels ranged from 16 milligrams to 1000 milligrams, depending on the product.
On the other side of the coin, it was discovered that one capsule-Kirkland Signature Enteric Coated Fish Oil-released its oil too early into the human body and thus failed its test, becoming the one of only two products not approved by ConsumerLab.com. The other product that did not meet appropriate standards for approval was Lipiderm International Veterinary Sciences, a pet supplement that contained only 25% of the alpha-linolenic acid required and 593% of the linolenic acid needed. It should also be noted that some food products claimed to provide percentages of the "daily value" of omega-3's, which is a false claim as there is no determined daily value, but this did not warrant an approval failure in those products, which included Tropicana, Silk Soymilk, Yoplait Kids Yogurt, and Aristo nutrition bars.
The levels of EPA and DHA ranged from 8% concentration to 79% of the liquid content of the products, and it varied greatly among the items tested. While higher concentrations are not necessarily better, the intake amount matters when it comes to the frequency and quantity taken. Every person's requirements are different and unique, but to get the highest concentration from the smallest serving size of the product, the only three products rating very high in that category were OmegaBrite, VitalOils, and Minami Nutrition. Rating very low were Mega Smart for Kids and Lipiderm International Veterinary Sciences for pets.
Overall, the research provides the public with guidelines for supplements and food or beverage items that may work in conjunction with a proper diet to provide the omega-3's being sought. It also helps doctors, nutritionists, and other medical professionals with a tool to gauge exactly what each patient needs and can handle.
With fish oil supplements being touted as having positive effects on cardiovascular health, reducing inflammation in those with diseases like arthritis and Crohn's disease, lessening the effects of depression and other mental disorders, aiding in the treatment of asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, cystic fibrosis, osteoporosis, and reducing the risk of prostate and colorectal cancers, it is easy to see why their popularity continues to rise. Therefore, the ComputerLab.com study is imperative to help analyze the growing market.
source:http://www.healthnews.com
The popularity of fish oil supplements has been growing exponentially over the past several decades. As more studies tout the benefits of the supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids for heart health, as well as arthritis and depression, there are more of the products on the market than the average consumer can or is willing to analyze. Enter ConsumerLab.com and its new report on fifty fish oil supplements and fortified foods.
The Nutrition Business Journal reported that dietary supplements containing omega-3's sold to the total of approximately $35 million in 1995. Ten years later, the 2005 sales number was at $359 million, and the number had increased to $489 million in 2006. If the trend dictates, the number in 2008 will likely be well over the $500 million mark. For such a booming business, it is only appropriate that consumers and medical professionals alike have a comprehensive study that examines the supplements and foods associated with omega-3 and looks at amounts of EPA and DHA (two principal polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish), product purity, and freshness.
ConsumerLab.com has done just that. The private company is based in New York and is known for being a leading provider of consumer information and independent evaluations of health and nutrition products. In this case, researchers compared a total of 50 products, including dietary supplements, food and beverages, 23 of which were selected by ConsumerLab.com and 27 of which were included at the request of their manufacturers through the Voluntary Certification Program. Some products were several of the most popular on the market, such as Vitamin Shoppe, Yoplait, Nature Made, and Nature's Bounty, and others were store brands like Origin from Target and Spring Valley from Wal-Mart.
The results of the study were multi-fold. Most importantly, all of the products tested were found to have safe levels of mercury, lead, and PCB's (a type of carcinogen). In addition, all were found to have the amounts of EPA and DHA that their labels maintained, though those levels ranged from 16 milligrams to 1000 milligrams, depending on the product.
On the other side of the coin, it was discovered that one capsule-Kirkland Signature Enteric Coated Fish Oil-released its oil too early into the human body and thus failed its test, becoming the one of only two products not approved by ConsumerLab.com. The other product that did not meet appropriate standards for approval was Lipiderm International Veterinary Sciences, a pet supplement that contained only 25% of the alpha-linolenic acid required and 593% of the linolenic acid needed. It should also be noted that some food products claimed to provide percentages of the "daily value" of omega-3's, which is a false claim as there is no determined daily value, but this did not warrant an approval failure in those products, which included Tropicana, Silk Soymilk, Yoplait Kids Yogurt, and Aristo nutrition bars.
The levels of EPA and DHA ranged from 8% concentration to 79% of the liquid content of the products, and it varied greatly among the items tested. While higher concentrations are not necessarily better, the intake amount matters when it comes to the frequency and quantity taken. Every person's requirements are different and unique, but to get the highest concentration from the smallest serving size of the product, the only three products rating very high in that category were OmegaBrite, VitalOils, and Minami Nutrition. Rating very low were Mega Smart for Kids and Lipiderm International Veterinary Sciences for pets.
Overall, the research provides the public with guidelines for supplements and food or beverage items that may work in conjunction with a proper diet to provide the omega-3's being sought. It also helps doctors, nutritionists, and other medical professionals with a tool to gauge exactly what each patient needs and can handle.
With fish oil supplements being touted as having positive effects on cardiovascular health, reducing inflammation in those with diseases like arthritis and Crohn's disease, lessening the effects of depression and other mental disorders, aiding in the treatment of asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, cystic fibrosis, osteoporosis, and reducing the risk of prostate and colorectal cancers, it is easy to see why their popularity continues to rise. Therefore, the ComputerLab.com study is imperative to help analyze the growing market.
source:http://www.healthnews.com
Kamis, 07 Agustus 2008
OTC Cold Medicines Sending Children to Emergency Rooms
A significant percentage of small children going to emergency rooms with an "apparent life-threatening event" had ingested over-the-counter cold and cough medicines, researchers report, despite recent U.S. recommendations that these products not be used in children under 2.
Such medicines can cause apnea (cessation of breathing) in young children, noted Dr. Raymond Pitetti, lead author of a study published in the August issue of Pediatrics and associate medical director of the emergency department at Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh.
In January, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a health advisory recommending that over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold preparations not be used to treat children under the age of 2 due to the possibility of life-threatening complications. Such products include decongestants, expectorants, antihistamines, and cough suppressants.
And earlier this year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that some 7,000 American children under the age of 11 are treated each year in hospital emergency rooms because of problems with cough and cold medications. Most of the cases were due to "unsupervised ingestion," the authors stated.
Pitetti recommended that comprehensive toxicology screens become part of routine evaluations for children presenting with apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) at emergency rooms.
But while such drug screens could be "helpful," said Dr. G. Randall Bond, medical director of the Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. "There are too many unknowns [in this study] to make conclusions about the relationship [between cough and cold medicine and ALTEs]."
"They raised a lot of possibilities, but the question is, what do you do in follow-up?" Bond added. "We don’t know if there’s a causal relationship."
While experts have suggested that intentional or unintentional poisonings may be responsible for many ALTEs in children, the topic has not been systematically studied.
Here, Pitetti and his colleagues performed comprehensive urine toxicology screens on 274 children under two years of age who arrived at the emergency room of a large children’s hospital with symptoms of an ALTE.
Thirteen children or 4.7 percent of the results were positive for an over-the-counter cold preparation, the team found. However, not one parent in these cases admitted to having given such a preparation to their child.
Pitetti speculated that parents were embarrassed to admit they had given their children these medicines, or perhaps the child ingested the preparation through breast-feeding. Or the parent could have intended to cause harm to the infant, he said.
More information
There’s more on recommendations against the use of cold medicines in small children at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
SOURCES: Raymond Pitetti, M.D., associate medical director, emergency department, Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh; G. Randall Bond, M.D., medical director, Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital; August 2008, Pediatrics
By Amanda Gardner
HealthDay Reporter
Last Updated: Aug. 04, 2008
Copyright © 2008 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved
News Roundup: High-Calorie Kiddie Meals, Toxic Salads, and More
Restaurants dish out too many calories to kids
Heading out for a family dinner at KFC, Taco Bell, Chick-fil-A, or another chain? Just about any kid’s meal you choose there will deliver a high-calorie punch. Of 1,474 possible choices at 13 major restaurants, the Center for Science in the Public Interest found that 93% exceeded a kid-friendly 430 calories per meal, according to the Associated Press. Subway’s kids meals came out the best, with 12 of 18 choices at 430 calories or less. But six chains (Applebee’s, TGIFridays, Outback Steakhouse, Olive Garden, Red Lobster, and IHOP) didn’t disclose their calorie info when asked, which might leave parents wondering—are their meals better or even worse?
Celebrity chef accidentally touts toxic plant
British celebrity chef Antony Worrall Thompson accidentally recommended a poisonous plant as a tasty addition to salads, according to the BBC News. Worrall Thompson meant to recommend fat hen, a wild herb, in the August issue of the magazine Healthy & Organic Living, but instead mentioned the plant henbane, which can cause hallucinations, drowsiness, and disorientation. Consuming large amounts of the plant can even be life-threatening. The magazine’s editors informed readers of the mistake. "It’s a bit embarrassing, but there have been no reports of any casualties," Worrall Thompson told the BBC. "Please do pass on my apologies."
Extra-big stretchers for Olympic athletes
Olympic organizers are supersizing clinical beds and stretchers for basketball players, according to Reuters. Players like Yao Ming and LeBron James are some of the tallest in the world, with an average height of 6-foot-6 (Ming is nearly 7-foot-5). The new stretchers for Wukesong stadium, the site of the Olympic basketball games, are 7 feet 10 inches long, compared to the previous 5 feet 10 inches. We’ve heard about extra-big medical equipment before (such as ambulances and chairs), but it’s usually made for patients who are struggling with obesity.
Many preteens catching violent flicks
A poll in the journal Pediatrics suggests that 13% of children aged 10 to 14 have watched extremely violent, R-rated movies like Gangs of New York, Scary Movie, and other flicks aimed at the over-18 crowd. Dartmouth Medical School researchers analyzed 2003 survey data from more than 6,500 children and found that violent movie watching was more common with boys, minorities, and children with relatively poor grades or less educated parents. It’s not clear at what age the children started watching R-rated movies.
Do you know where that dollar’s been?
U.S. dollars are more likely than other countries’ paper monies to be coated with cocaine, according to LiveScience.com. Chemists at the University of Valencia in Spain determined that Spanish bills are the most highly contaminated in Europe. (It’s perhaps no coincidence that Spain is the primary point of entry for cocaine into Europe.) The detected drug levels, which were in the microgram range, are presumably not high enough to get anyone in trouble…or high. (A gram of cocaine would fill about half a tea bag; a microgram is one-millionth that amount.) And the contamination isn’t that surprising. Cocaine and other drugs are traded for cash, and users often sniff the drug with a rolled banknote, the researchers noted in the journal Trends in Analytical Chemistry.
Coupling up, and staying together, may stave off dementia
It appears that shacking up may be good for your brain. Swedish researchers examined 1,449 Finnish people, once at age 50 and again two decades later, and found that unmarried middle-aged people (whether widowed, single, divorced, or separated) were more likely to develop cognitive impairment than those in relationships. Those who stayed single their whole lives doubled their risk of dementia; those who divorced after midlife tripled it. Compelling, yes, but experts say there’s a chance that early symptoms of dementia may keep some people out of relationships to begin with, rather than the other way around. Or, as the study’s author suggests, the cognitive stimulation of living in a relationship—and sharing ideas, working through problems, finding compromises—may protect against dementia.
Sensitive saliva sensor may mean bye-bye, blood samples
Hate needles? Groundbreaking work by scientists at UCLA may lead the way to a future in which medical tests require a mere drop of saliva instead of a vial of blood. As reported by the National Institutes of Health, the researchers have developed an ultrasensitive optical sensor that can detect concentrations of proteins in saliva samples, enabling scientists to gauge risk levels for developing certain diseases. Saliva naturally contains much lower concentrations of protein than blood, so the new technology involves filtering out optical interference and bringing the scans close to the fidelity achieved in today’s blood-protein tests.
source:www.healthnews.com
Heading out for a family dinner at KFC, Taco Bell, Chick-fil-A, or another chain? Just about any kid’s meal you choose there will deliver a high-calorie punch. Of 1,474 possible choices at 13 major restaurants, the Center for Science in the Public Interest found that 93% exceeded a kid-friendly 430 calories per meal, according to the Associated Press. Subway’s kids meals came out the best, with 12 of 18 choices at 430 calories or less. But six chains (Applebee’s, TGIFridays, Outback Steakhouse, Olive Garden, Red Lobster, and IHOP) didn’t disclose their calorie info when asked, which might leave parents wondering—are their meals better or even worse?
Celebrity chef accidentally touts toxic plant
British celebrity chef Antony Worrall Thompson accidentally recommended a poisonous plant as a tasty addition to salads, according to the BBC News. Worrall Thompson meant to recommend fat hen, a wild herb, in the August issue of the magazine Healthy & Organic Living, but instead mentioned the plant henbane, which can cause hallucinations, drowsiness, and disorientation. Consuming large amounts of the plant can even be life-threatening. The magazine’s editors informed readers of the mistake. "It’s a bit embarrassing, but there have been no reports of any casualties," Worrall Thompson told the BBC. "Please do pass on my apologies."
Extra-big stretchers for Olympic athletes
Olympic organizers are supersizing clinical beds and stretchers for basketball players, according to Reuters. Players like Yao Ming and LeBron James are some of the tallest in the world, with an average height of 6-foot-6 (Ming is nearly 7-foot-5). The new stretchers for Wukesong stadium, the site of the Olympic basketball games, are 7 feet 10 inches long, compared to the previous 5 feet 10 inches. We’ve heard about extra-big medical equipment before (such as ambulances and chairs), but it’s usually made for patients who are struggling with obesity.
Many preteens catching violent flicks
A poll in the journal Pediatrics suggests that 13% of children aged 10 to 14 have watched extremely violent, R-rated movies like Gangs of New York, Scary Movie, and other flicks aimed at the over-18 crowd. Dartmouth Medical School researchers analyzed 2003 survey data from more than 6,500 children and found that violent movie watching was more common with boys, minorities, and children with relatively poor grades or less educated parents. It’s not clear at what age the children started watching R-rated movies.
Do you know where that dollar’s been?
U.S. dollars are more likely than other countries’ paper monies to be coated with cocaine, according to LiveScience.com. Chemists at the University of Valencia in Spain determined that Spanish bills are the most highly contaminated in Europe. (It’s perhaps no coincidence that Spain is the primary point of entry for cocaine into Europe.) The detected drug levels, which were in the microgram range, are presumably not high enough to get anyone in trouble…or high. (A gram of cocaine would fill about half a tea bag; a microgram is one-millionth that amount.) And the contamination isn’t that surprising. Cocaine and other drugs are traded for cash, and users often sniff the drug with a rolled banknote, the researchers noted in the journal Trends in Analytical Chemistry.
Coupling up, and staying together, may stave off dementia
It appears that shacking up may be good for your brain. Swedish researchers examined 1,449 Finnish people, once at age 50 and again two decades later, and found that unmarried middle-aged people (whether widowed, single, divorced, or separated) were more likely to develop cognitive impairment than those in relationships. Those who stayed single their whole lives doubled their risk of dementia; those who divorced after midlife tripled it. Compelling, yes, but experts say there’s a chance that early symptoms of dementia may keep some people out of relationships to begin with, rather than the other way around. Or, as the study’s author suggests, the cognitive stimulation of living in a relationship—and sharing ideas, working through problems, finding compromises—may protect against dementia.
Sensitive saliva sensor may mean bye-bye, blood samples
Hate needles? Groundbreaking work by scientists at UCLA may lead the way to a future in which medical tests require a mere drop of saliva instead of a vial of blood. As reported by the National Institutes of Health, the researchers have developed an ultrasensitive optical sensor that can detect concentrations of proteins in saliva samples, enabling scientists to gauge risk levels for developing certain diseases. Saliva naturally contains much lower concentrations of protein than blood, so the new technology involves filtering out optical interference and bringing the scans close to the fidelity achieved in today’s blood-protein tests.
source:www.healthnews.com
Air Quality and Outdoor Exercise: Should You Worry?
Our weekly Get Fit blog: The latest news, trends, research, and workout tips
With the Olympic Games beginning this week and concern still lingering over the air quality in host city Beijing, I found myself thinking how lucky I am to have a lush, green, 600-acre park in my neighborhood where I can run and bike to my heart’s (and lungs’) content. Far from the expressway and shaded by trees, I’ve got to be safe from air pollution, right?
Not necessarily, says Norman H. Edelman, MD, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association. "Running in the park will protect you from carbon dioxide and some of the emission from cars, because those levels are higher on major roadways," he tells me. "But on a day with a poor-air-quality index, it’s not going to protect you from smog—it’s like a blanket that sits over the city, and it’s everywhere."
Air pollution, he explains, is usually grouped into two basic categories: ozone (otherwise known as smog), and particle pollution. Both have their own health risks, and both can encompass entire regions—not just hover in dark clouds near highways or smokestacks.
So what exactly is air pollution?
Ozone is formed when emissions from power plants, cars, factories, gas stations, and other sources come in contact with sunlight and heat—which is why smog levels are typically higher in the muggy months of May through October.
Particle pollution, called particulate matter or PM, can include solids such as dust, ash, soot, or liquid aerosols and particles too tiny to see. This type of pollution is heaviest near roadways, but can be present everywhere; it comes from auto exhaust, fuel, burning wood or trash (as evident during the recent California wildfires), cigarette smoke, and other sources.
What are the health risks?
When you breathe in ozone, it irritates your lungs—giving you something like a "sunburn" internally, Dr. Edelman says. This can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, wheezing and coughing, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and asthma attacks, and inflammation of the lungs and airways.
Particulate matter—especially tiny, microscopic particles—can get deep into the lungs and can also cause irritation and inflammation. In addition, it can increase your long-term risk of lung cancer and heart disease. When EPA scientists analyzed air quality in just nine cities (Detroit, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Boston, Phoenix, Seattle, and San José), they estimated that more than 4,700 premature deaths would occur each year, even if those cities met the current government standards for particulate matter.
If you’re exercising strenuously, you could be breathing in up to 20 times as much oxygen and pollution as you normally would (and if you breathe through your mouth, it bypasses your body’s natural nasal filter). As an athlete using 100% of your available lung function, you’re going to notice very quickly if that function is impaired—especially if you’re running long distances or breathing heavily for an extended period of time.
What can you do?
Luckily, the EPA monitors both types of air pollution, and you can find alerts for your area on its website, Airnow.gov. You can even have smog alerts emailed to you.
Experts suggest that you exercise indoors on days with poor-air-quality alerts, and use common sense at other times as well. Run in the mornings or in the evenings when temperatures and ozone levels are lower, and avoid congested streets and high-traffic areas (high levels of emission particles can linger up to 50 feet from the roadway). People with exercise-induced asthma or other health conditions should take extra precautions, and pay close attention to how specific times and places may affect their breathing.
We certainly don’t have the problem that China has, and pollution shouldn’t keep us from getting the benefits of outdoor exercise. But we should still be mindful of the days when air-quality levels are questionable, and take advantage of those which are still safe.
By Amanda MacMillan
source:www.healthnews.com
5 Little Tricks That Make Losing Those Last 10 Pounds Easier
When your mood is up and your dress size is down, it’s easy to believe in your bathroom scale. Then comes a rough week, and instantly your scale morphs from ally to accuser. With friends like that, you think, who needs fashion mags to feel fat? The truth: No matter what it says, a scale can help you shed pounds you don’t want. And for dieters, it’s just one of many supportive friends. Here’s how to make those friendships pay off.
Put your scale to work—early and often
Researchers at Brown and Duke universities recently found that 61 percent of people who climbed on the scale daily maintained their weight within 5 pounds. Only 32 percent who weighed in less often had similar success. Regular feedback helps catch weight gains early, explains Daniel C. Stettner, PhD, a health psychologist at the UnaSource/Northpointe Health Center weight-control clinic in Michigan. Staying accountable to the scale may help you cut back on impulse eating and denial.
For consistent results, weigh yourself at the same time of day and on the same scale (sensitivity can vary between models). Stettner recommends doing it first thing in the morning, after you use the bathroom. Try sticking with weekly or semimonthly weigh-ins if you’re obsessive (that is, if you’re inclined to weigh yourself several times daily) or lose perspective easily (one fluctuation ruins your day). Susan Bowerman, RD, assistant director of the University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Human Nutrition, favors Friday weigh-ins because they reflect the week’s efforts and help keep you motivated over the weekend.
Which scale is best? One that’s simple and reliable; the reading should be the same when you step on and off three times. Scales that measure your hydration and body mass index usually aren’t reliable. We like the Thinner Soft Step Scale at Bed Bath & Beyond ($39.99; 800-462-3966) and the Health-O-Meter Digital Lithium Scale at Kmart ($34.99; 866-562-7848), which have 10-year warranties.
Chart your progress
Patrick M. O’Neil, PhD, a weight-management expert at the Medical University of South Carolina, likens a person’s weight to the stock market: The numbers rise and fall from day to day, so it’s motivating to see long-term trends at a glance. After overindulging, for instance, you’ll be more inspired to hop back on the low-cal wagon if you can see that the numbers are going down. Print out a graph, mark it each time you weigh in, and connect the dots to see the trend.
Size up your body
A tape measure is a good choice if you want harder data than "my clothes fit better." Bowerman recommends measuring your waist, hip, bust, and upper arm every 2 to 3 weeks (it takes several weeks to see changes).
Log your eating habits
Ever grabbed a doughnut (330 calories) in the morning, sipped a mocha latte (340) at work, and munched half a bag of potato chips (600) in the afternoon? Keeping track can help. You’re more likely to curb your habit, in other words, if you know how many lattes you had in the past month. "People don’t realize how often and how much they eat, so a food diary can be a real eye-opener," O’Neil says. Seeing your eating patterns might even inspire healthier stress relief: Instead of pigging out after your insufferable boss goes on the warpath, maybe next time you can close your door and do healthy stretches.
To track calories and nutrients online, O’Neil recommends mypyramidtracker.gov. Bowerman prefers a simple notebook, because you can record foods immediately rather than having to wait for computer access.
Record portions ("1 cup mac ‘n’ cheese") and calories, if you’re tracking them. Cutting even 100 calories per day can help you lose weight, says Catherine M. Champagne, PhD, RD, chief of nutritional epidemiology at Louisiana State University’s Pennington Biomedical Research Center. (Click here for a list of 100-calorie foods.) Also note the time, place, emotions, and other eating triggers you experience.
Step lively
Adding 2,000 steps to your day can help anyone shed flab, so strap on a small pedometer and put your feet to work. Just skip the pedometers with bells and whistles. "The only button you need is ‘reset,’" Champagne says. She recommends Accusplits or Digiwalkers, in the $15 range. Attach it to the front of your belt or waistband, lining it up with your kneecap. Wear it for 3 days, and average your steps to find how many you take in a typical day. (Someone who doesn’t exercise much might log 2,000 to 3,000.) Then try to add 2,000 (about a mile) daily. How? Walk at lunch, choose stairs over the elevator, park a few blocks away, walk around an indoor mall, or take folded laundry into the bedroom a few pieces at a time rather than all at once. Work up to 10,000 steps per day, and your scale may just throw you a party.
By Juliet Eastland
The following content represents the opinions of Health.com users. It is not editorially reviewed for medical or factual accuracy. It does not constitute medical advice. See your doctor for medical advice.
source:www.healthnews.com
Put your scale to work—early and often
Researchers at Brown and Duke universities recently found that 61 percent of people who climbed on the scale daily maintained their weight within 5 pounds. Only 32 percent who weighed in less often had similar success. Regular feedback helps catch weight gains early, explains Daniel C. Stettner, PhD, a health psychologist at the UnaSource/Northpointe Health Center weight-control clinic in Michigan. Staying accountable to the scale may help you cut back on impulse eating and denial.
For consistent results, weigh yourself at the same time of day and on the same scale (sensitivity can vary between models). Stettner recommends doing it first thing in the morning, after you use the bathroom. Try sticking with weekly or semimonthly weigh-ins if you’re obsessive (that is, if you’re inclined to weigh yourself several times daily) or lose perspective easily (one fluctuation ruins your day). Susan Bowerman, RD, assistant director of the University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Human Nutrition, favors Friday weigh-ins because they reflect the week’s efforts and help keep you motivated over the weekend.
Which scale is best? One that’s simple and reliable; the reading should be the same when you step on and off three times. Scales that measure your hydration and body mass index usually aren’t reliable. We like the Thinner Soft Step Scale at Bed Bath & Beyond ($39.99; 800-462-3966) and the Health-O-Meter Digital Lithium Scale at Kmart ($34.99; 866-562-7848), which have 10-year warranties.
Chart your progress
Patrick M. O’Neil, PhD, a weight-management expert at the Medical University of South Carolina, likens a person’s weight to the stock market: The numbers rise and fall from day to day, so it’s motivating to see long-term trends at a glance. After overindulging, for instance, you’ll be more inspired to hop back on the low-cal wagon if you can see that the numbers are going down. Print out a graph, mark it each time you weigh in, and connect the dots to see the trend.
Size up your body
A tape measure is a good choice if you want harder data than "my clothes fit better." Bowerman recommends measuring your waist, hip, bust, and upper arm every 2 to 3 weeks (it takes several weeks to see changes).
Log your eating habits
Ever grabbed a doughnut (330 calories) in the morning, sipped a mocha latte (340) at work, and munched half a bag of potato chips (600) in the afternoon? Keeping track can help. You’re more likely to curb your habit, in other words, if you know how many lattes you had in the past month. "People don’t realize how often and how much they eat, so a food diary can be a real eye-opener," O’Neil says. Seeing your eating patterns might even inspire healthier stress relief: Instead of pigging out after your insufferable boss goes on the warpath, maybe next time you can close your door and do healthy stretches.
To track calories and nutrients online, O’Neil recommends mypyramidtracker.gov. Bowerman prefers a simple notebook, because you can record foods immediately rather than having to wait for computer access.
Record portions ("1 cup mac ‘n’ cheese") and calories, if you’re tracking them. Cutting even 100 calories per day can help you lose weight, says Catherine M. Champagne, PhD, RD, chief of nutritional epidemiology at Louisiana State University’s Pennington Biomedical Research Center. (Click here for a list of 100-calorie foods.) Also note the time, place, emotions, and other eating triggers you experience.
Step lively
Adding 2,000 steps to your day can help anyone shed flab, so strap on a small pedometer and put your feet to work. Just skip the pedometers with bells and whistles. "The only button you need is ‘reset,’" Champagne says. She recommends Accusplits or Digiwalkers, in the $15 range. Attach it to the front of your belt or waistband, lining it up with your kneecap. Wear it for 3 days, and average your steps to find how many you take in a typical day. (Someone who doesn’t exercise much might log 2,000 to 3,000.) Then try to add 2,000 (about a mile) daily. How? Walk at lunch, choose stairs over the elevator, park a few blocks away, walk around an indoor mall, or take folded laundry into the bedroom a few pieces at a time rather than all at once. Work up to 10,000 steps per day, and your scale may just throw you a party.
By Juliet Eastland
The following content represents the opinions of Health.com users. It is not editorially reviewed for medical or factual accuracy. It does not constitute medical advice. See your doctor for medical advice.
source:www.healthnews.com
Back in Black: Your Favorite Foods, Only Healthier
Tips and tricks from our resident dietitian, Julie Upton, RD
When it comes to plant-based foods, deep, vibrant colors are one of the best indicators of what’s healthiest. The pigments that give plants their color also provide the antioxidants that protect against heart disease, inflammation, and certain cancers. A simple swap can provide a big nutritional payoff, like choosing pink grapefruit over white, or dark greens over pale lettuce. So it may come as little surprise that black foods can pack a potent health benefit too. That’s exactly the case with the midnight-hued rice, beans, tea, and berries I can’t seem to get enough of lately. Here’s why:
Black rice
This grain—along with the red and purple varieties—is becoming increasingly popular in the United States, and has long been consumed throughout Asia. Black rice is a 100% whole grain food just like brown rice, but it is thought to have a higher anthocyanin content due to its deeper color. A study in China found that when people’s diets were supplemented with black-rice pigments, their risk factors for cardiovascular disease decreased–including levels of C-reactive protein in their blood, an indicator of inflammation.
Black beans
These high-fiber antioxidant powerhouses pack more disease-fighting power than lighter-colored beans. New research shows that the black skins contained 24 plant compounds including 12 terpenoids and 7 flavonoids. The researchers also found that these compounds halted the growth of colon, liver, and breast cancer cells.
Black tea
It comes from the same plant as green and oolong tea, but the dark stuff has a slew of good qualities all to its own. Numerous studies have shown that drinking several cups of flavonoid-rich black tea a day may provide heart-health benefits, offer protection against neurological decline as we age, and provide anticancer properties. Plus it’s got the added benefit of being calorie-free (as long as you don’t drink it with milk and sugar), and its caffeine may help improve your workout.
Blackberries
These tangy treats are rich in polyphenols that have been shown to have antioxidant activity. University of Kentucky researchers isolated blackberry extract in lab studies, and found that its chemicals stopped the growth of colon-cancer cells. They may also help prevent diseases related to chronic inflammation. Don’t like them on their own? Pair them with blueberries and ginger syrup in this light and fruity dessert.
Black mushrooms, potatoes, carrots, and many other specialty black crops are, well, cropping up these days. Let us know if you’ve seen any at your local farmers market and whether you’ve tried them.
By Julie Upton, RD
source:www.healthnews.com
New Guidelines Rule Out Prostate Screening for Men Over 75
Updated government guidelines take a dim view of prostate cancer screenings at any age and flatly recommend against them entirely for men over 75.
The over-75 rule "is much more explicit than any recommendation out there right now" for using the prostate-screening antigen (PSA) test, said Dr. Michael L. LeFevre, a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force that is updating its 2002 report.
The new recommendations are published in the Aug. 5 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine.
"The time frame is that the benefit, if there is any, from screening, is 10 years," LeFevre, a professor of family and community medicine at the University of Missouri,, added. "The average life expectancy for men over 75 years is less than 10 years, so screening them can do more harm than good."
For the same reason, men under 75 with serious health problems whose life expectancy is less than 10 years should not get, the task force report said.
Even for younger men with no health problems, "there is uncertainty about whether the benefits exceed the harm, based on existing evidence," LeFevre said.
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in the United States, affecting one of every 6 men. Common screening tests are the PSA, which tests for protein blood levels, and a digital rectal examination, which can detect abnormal growth of the gland itself. But neither test can distinguish between prostate cancers that will become life-threatening and those that will grow so slowly that most men die with their prostate cancers, not from them.
"Most of the harms are related to treatment rather than screening," LeFevre said. Surgery and other prostate cancer treatment can cause impotence and damage urinary function and bowel function, he added.
"Men under the age of 75 should try to make an informed choice at this time," LeFevre said of screening tests. "The current evidence is not enough for us to know the balance between benefit and harm."
Current data show that a third of the men over 75 in the United States receive PSA tests, the task force report said.
A man should talk to the physician about prostate cancer screening, LeFevre said. "That discussion should occur before screening occurs and should include what the test does and does not mean, the consequences of finding cancer, and the uncertainty about whether benefit exceeds harm, based on current evidence," LeFevre said.
Medical organization make varying recommends about prostate cancer screening. The American Cancer Society position is that a test should be offered yearly to men with a life expectancy of at least 10 years, starting at age 50. Men at higher risk, such as those who have one close relative with the cancer, should begin testing at age 45, and those with several affected close relatives can have a first test at age 40, the society says.
The new guidelines "will not sit well with oncologists and a lot of people," said Dr. Susan F. Slovin, an associate attending physician who specializes in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
"As medical oncologists, we are always trying to be one step ahead of the cancer," Slovin said. "We are trying to intervene earlier and identify patients who are at risk. We always want to intercede, to do something."
Many older men will still want prostate cancer screening, Slovin added. "These patients are very informed, and their view will be at odds with the recommendations," she said. "These are not the 75-year-olds of 50 years ago. These are physically younger people, still actively functioning sexually in many cases."
Slovin sees the screening pendulum swinging in a direction opposite to that of the new recommendation. "We are starting to make recommendations that some people be screened by the age of 35," she said.
But not everyone agrees with that assessment. Dr. Otis W. Brawley is a prostate cancer epidemiologist and chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. He called the new guidelines, "right on target."
"The American Cancer Society since 1997 has been against mass screening," Brawley said. "But within the physician-patient relationship, a test should be offered to the patient, with the patient informed of the potential risks and potential benefits, so he can make an informed decision."
The society does not recommend against prostate cancer screening for men over 75, "but we are in the process of re-evaluating our recommendations for men of all ages," Brawley said.
In related news, the largest-ever study of its kind is shedding doubt on the prognostic value of the Gleason score, a collection of factors doctors use to gauge whether or not a patient’s biopsy points to aggressive prostate cancer. The score, which ranges from 2 (least aggressive cancer) to 10 (most aggressive), is often used to decide whether men get active treatment or merely "watchful waiting."
Using biopsy and prostatectomy samples from almost 3,000 patients cared for from 1982 to 2007, researchers at the Lahey Clinic of Tufts University in Burlington, Mass., reportED that the biopsy grading system had an overall accuracy rate of only 63 percent. In fact, based on samples taken from excised prostates, 30 percent of men were found to have a higher (more aggressive) grade of cancer than their Gleason score had suggested, while 7 percent had a lower grade than the score had indicated.
The findings were published in the August issue of European Urology.
More information
Prostate cancer screening is explained by the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
SOURCES: Michael LeFevre, M.D., professor of family and community medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia; Otis W. Brawley, M.D., prostate cancer epidemiologist and chief medical officer, American Cancer Society; Susan F. Slovin, associate attending physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City; Aug. 5, 2008, Annals of Internal Medicine, July 31, 2008, news release, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Mass.
Last Updated: Aug. 04, 2008
Copyright © 2008 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.
The over-75 rule "is much more explicit than any recommendation out there right now" for using the prostate-screening antigen (PSA) test, said Dr. Michael L. LeFevre, a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force that is updating its 2002 report.
The new recommendations are published in the Aug. 5 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine.
"The time frame is that the benefit, if there is any, from screening, is 10 years," LeFevre, a professor of family and community medicine at the University of Missouri,, added. "The average life expectancy for men over 75 years is less than 10 years, so screening them can do more harm than good."
For the same reason, men under 75 with serious health problems whose life expectancy is less than 10 years should not get, the task force report said.
Even for younger men with no health problems, "there is uncertainty about whether the benefits exceed the harm, based on existing evidence," LeFevre said.
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in the United States, affecting one of every 6 men. Common screening tests are the PSA, which tests for protein blood levels, and a digital rectal examination, which can detect abnormal growth of the gland itself. But neither test can distinguish between prostate cancers that will become life-threatening and those that will grow so slowly that most men die with their prostate cancers, not from them.
"Most of the harms are related to treatment rather than screening," LeFevre said. Surgery and other prostate cancer treatment can cause impotence and damage urinary function and bowel function, he added.
"Men under the age of 75 should try to make an informed choice at this time," LeFevre said of screening tests. "The current evidence is not enough for us to know the balance between benefit and harm."
Current data show that a third of the men over 75 in the United States receive PSA tests, the task force report said.
A man should talk to the physician about prostate cancer screening, LeFevre said. "That discussion should occur before screening occurs and should include what the test does and does not mean, the consequences of finding cancer, and the uncertainty about whether benefit exceeds harm, based on current evidence," LeFevre said.
Medical organization make varying recommends about prostate cancer screening. The American Cancer Society position is that a test should be offered yearly to men with a life expectancy of at least 10 years, starting at age 50. Men at higher risk, such as those who have one close relative with the cancer, should begin testing at age 45, and those with several affected close relatives can have a first test at age 40, the society says.
The new guidelines "will not sit well with oncologists and a lot of people," said Dr. Susan F. Slovin, an associate attending physician who specializes in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
"As medical oncologists, we are always trying to be one step ahead of the cancer," Slovin said. "We are trying to intervene earlier and identify patients who are at risk. We always want to intercede, to do something."
Many older men will still want prostate cancer screening, Slovin added. "These patients are very informed, and their view will be at odds with the recommendations," she said. "These are not the 75-year-olds of 50 years ago. These are physically younger people, still actively functioning sexually in many cases."
Slovin sees the screening pendulum swinging in a direction opposite to that of the new recommendation. "We are starting to make recommendations that some people be screened by the age of 35," she said.
But not everyone agrees with that assessment. Dr. Otis W. Brawley is a prostate cancer epidemiologist and chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. He called the new guidelines, "right on target."
"The American Cancer Society since 1997 has been against mass screening," Brawley said. "But within the physician-patient relationship, a test should be offered to the patient, with the patient informed of the potential risks and potential benefits, so he can make an informed decision."
The society does not recommend against prostate cancer screening for men over 75, "but we are in the process of re-evaluating our recommendations for men of all ages," Brawley said.
In related news, the largest-ever study of its kind is shedding doubt on the prognostic value of the Gleason score, a collection of factors doctors use to gauge whether or not a patient’s biopsy points to aggressive prostate cancer. The score, which ranges from 2 (least aggressive cancer) to 10 (most aggressive), is often used to decide whether men get active treatment or merely "watchful waiting."
Using biopsy and prostatectomy samples from almost 3,000 patients cared for from 1982 to 2007, researchers at the Lahey Clinic of Tufts University in Burlington, Mass., reportED that the biopsy grading system had an overall accuracy rate of only 63 percent. In fact, based on samples taken from excised prostates, 30 percent of men were found to have a higher (more aggressive) grade of cancer than their Gleason score had suggested, while 7 percent had a lower grade than the score had indicated.
The findings were published in the August issue of European Urology.
More information
Prostate cancer screening is explained by the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
SOURCES: Michael LeFevre, M.D., professor of family and community medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia; Otis W. Brawley, M.D., prostate cancer epidemiologist and chief medical officer, American Cancer Society; Susan F. Slovin, associate attending physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City; Aug. 5, 2008, Annals of Internal Medicine, July 31, 2008, news release, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Mass.
Last Updated: Aug. 04, 2008
Copyright © 2008 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.
Vitamin C Shows Promise as Cancer Treatment
New research with mice suggests that intravenous doses of vitamin C could one day reduce the size of cancerous tumors in people.
The findings are preliminary and still must be confirmed in humans. And even if the treatment works, it’s not a cure but would likely be used in combination with other drugs, the researchers said.
Still, the research does show an unexpected use for vitamin C, which has previously been thought of as a nutrient, not a drug, said study co-author Dr. Mark Levine, chief of the U.S. National Institutes of Health’s Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section.
"There’s potential promise that [vitamin C] is part of the armamentarium for treating some cancers," he said. "Which ones? We’ve got to do more and find out."
Vitamin C has long been one of the most respected of all vitamins, lauded for its supposed powers to treat many ills, from colds to heart disease. The late scientist Dr. Linus Pauling increased the vitamin’s profile by touting it as a cancer treatment.
But getting heavy doses of vitamin C into the body is a challenge. Unlike some other vitamins, it’s virtually impossible for people to overdose on vitamin C since the body only ingests a certain amount through the mouth and then stops allowing it to build up, Levine said. "The body wants to get to a certain place and no more," he said.
Researchers have found that they can disrupt the body’s "tight control" over vitamin C levels by giving the nutrient intravenously and bypassing the digestive system, Levine said. The intravenous approach involves "short-circuiting the body’s normal control mechanisms and finding there’s an unexpected surprise that may be beneficial," he said.
In the new study, published in the Aug. 4-8 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Levine and his colleagues found that intravenous vitamin C produced hydrogen peroxide, which proceeded to reduce cancerous tumors in the mice by 43 percent to 51 percent. The mice had ovarian, pancreatic and brain cancer.
It’s not clear why some tumors are immune to the treatment and others are not, Levine said, although normal cells are unharmed by the therapy.
According to the researchers, it’s possible to intravenously boost levels of vitamin C in humans to the levels used in the mice.
But Levine cautioned that the treatment isn’t ready for prime time with humans. "Should patients with any kind of tumor go out and get IV ascorbate [vitamin C]? That’s not the message here," he said.
Instead, he said, the study shows the need for more research.
Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, said the research is interesting but not yet proven.
"Like so many things that are intriguing or appear to be promising, there appears to be a long way to go from the theory in the lab to the practical application in the clinic."
More information
To learn more about vitamin C, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
SOURCES: Mark Levine, M.D., chief, Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, and senior staff physician, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.; Len Lichtenfeld, M.D., deputy chief medical officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta; Aug. 4-8, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter
source:www.healthdaynews.com
The findings are preliminary and still must be confirmed in humans. And even if the treatment works, it’s not a cure but would likely be used in combination with other drugs, the researchers said.
Still, the research does show an unexpected use for vitamin C, which has previously been thought of as a nutrient, not a drug, said study co-author Dr. Mark Levine, chief of the U.S. National Institutes of Health’s Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section.
"There’s potential promise that [vitamin C] is part of the armamentarium for treating some cancers," he said. "Which ones? We’ve got to do more and find out."
Vitamin C has long been one of the most respected of all vitamins, lauded for its supposed powers to treat many ills, from colds to heart disease. The late scientist Dr. Linus Pauling increased the vitamin’s profile by touting it as a cancer treatment.
But getting heavy doses of vitamin C into the body is a challenge. Unlike some other vitamins, it’s virtually impossible for people to overdose on vitamin C since the body only ingests a certain amount through the mouth and then stops allowing it to build up, Levine said. "The body wants to get to a certain place and no more," he said.
Researchers have found that they can disrupt the body’s "tight control" over vitamin C levels by giving the nutrient intravenously and bypassing the digestive system, Levine said. The intravenous approach involves "short-circuiting the body’s normal control mechanisms and finding there’s an unexpected surprise that may be beneficial," he said.
In the new study, published in the Aug. 4-8 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Levine and his colleagues found that intravenous vitamin C produced hydrogen peroxide, which proceeded to reduce cancerous tumors in the mice by 43 percent to 51 percent. The mice had ovarian, pancreatic and brain cancer.
It’s not clear why some tumors are immune to the treatment and others are not, Levine said, although normal cells are unharmed by the therapy.
According to the researchers, it’s possible to intravenously boost levels of vitamin C in humans to the levels used in the mice.
But Levine cautioned that the treatment isn’t ready for prime time with humans. "Should patients with any kind of tumor go out and get IV ascorbate [vitamin C]? That’s not the message here," he said.
Instead, he said, the study shows the need for more research.
Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, said the research is interesting but not yet proven.
"Like so many things that are intriguing or appear to be promising, there appears to be a long way to go from the theory in the lab to the practical application in the clinic."
More information
To learn more about vitamin C, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
SOURCES: Mark Levine, M.D., chief, Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, and senior staff physician, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.; Len Lichtenfeld, M.D., deputy chief medical officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta; Aug. 4-8, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
By Randy Dotinga
HealthDay Reporter
source:www.healthdaynews.com
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